Springboot对多线程的支持详解
这两天看阿里的JAVA开发手册,到多线程的时候说永远不要用 new Thread()这种方式来使用多线程。确实是这样的,我一直在用线程池,到了springboot才发现他已经给我们提供了很方便的线程池机制。 本博客代码托管在github上
一、介绍
Spring
是通过任务执行器(TaskExecutor
)来实现多线程和并发编程,使用ThreadPoolTaskExecutor
来创建一个基于线城池的TaskExecutor
。在使用线程池的大多数情况下都是异步非阻塞的。我们配置注解@EnableAsync
可以开启异步任务。然后在实际执行的方法上配置注解@Async
上声明是异步任务。
二、配置类
配置类代码如下:
package com.spartajet.springbootlearn.thread;import org.springframework.aop.interceptor.AsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler;import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.AsyncConfigurer;import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync;import org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor;import java.util.concurrent.Executor;/** * @description * @create 2017-02-22 下午11:53 * @email gxz04220427@163.com */@Configuration@EnableAsyncpublic class ThreadConfig implements AsyncConfigurer { /** * The {@link Executor} instance to be used when processing async * method invocations. */ @Override public Executor getAsyncExecutor() { ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor(); executor.setCorePoolSize(5); executor.setMaxPoolSize(15); executor.setQueueCapacity(25); executor.initialize(); return executor; } /** * The {@link AsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler} instance to be used * when an exception is thrown during an asynchronous method execution * with {@code void} return type. */ @Override public AsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler getAsyncUncaughtExceptionHandler() { return null; }}
解读:
- 利用
EnableAsync
来开启Springboot
对于异步任务的支持 - 配置类实现接口
AsyncConfigurator
,返回一个ThreadPoolTaskExecutor
线程池对象。
三、任务执行
任务执行代码:
package com.spartajet.springbootlearn.thread;import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;/** * @description * @create 2017-02-23 上午12:00 * @email gxz04220427@163.com */@Servicepublic class AsyncTaskService { @Async public void executeAsyncTask(int i) { System.out.println("线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 执行异步任务:" + i); }}
代码解读:
- 通过
@Async
注解表明该方法是异步方法,如果注解在类上,那表明这个类里面的所有方法都是异步的。
四、测试代码
package com.spartajet.springbootlearn;import com.spartajet.springbootlearn.thread.AsyncTaskService;import org.junit.Test;import org.junit.runner.RunWith;import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;@RunWith (SpringRunner.class)@SpringBootTestpublic class SpringbootLearnApplicationTests { @Autowired private AsyncTaskService asyncTaskService; @Test public void contextLoads() { } @Test public void threadTest() { for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) { asyncTaskService.executeAsyncTask(i); } }}
测试结果:
线程ThreadPoolTaskExecutor-4 执行异步任务:3线程ThreadPoolTaskExecutor-2 执行异步任务:1线程ThreadPoolTaskExecutor-1 执行异步任务:0线程ThreadPoolTaskExecutor-1 执行异步任务:7线程ThreadPoolTaskExecutor-1 执行异步任务:8线程ThreadPoolTaskExecutor-1 执行异步任务:9线程ThreadPoolTaskExecutor-1 执行异步任务:10线程ThreadPoolTaskExecutor-5 执行异步任务:4线程ThreadPoolTaskExecutor-3 执行异步任务:2线程ThreadPoolTaskExecutor-5 执行异步任务:12线程ThreadPoolTaskExecutor-1 执行异步任务:11线程ThreadPoolTaskExecutor-2 执行异步任务:6线程ThreadPoolTaskExecutor-4 执行异步任务:5线程ThreadPoolTaskExecutor-2 执行异步任务:16线程ThreadPoolTaskExecutor-1 执行异步任务:15线程ThreadPoolTaskExecutor-5 执行异步任务:14线程ThreadPoolTaskExecutor-3 执行异步任务:13线程ThreadPoolTaskExecutor-1 执行异步任务:19线程ThreadPoolTaskExecutor-2 执行异步任务:18线程ThreadPoolTaskExecutor-4 执行异步任务:17